Manufacturing curriculum

Talks, essays, interviews and guides from hardware founders, federal agencies and WNC makers, including Y Combinator, the USPTO and How I Built This, in 16 modules. Each lesson comes with a short summary and one thing to do this week.

Deciding to start

Helps you decide whether to start a company that makes things, and which kind: a hardware startup built to grow fast on investors' money, or a profitable shop or brand you own and grow at your own pace.

  1. Should you start a startup? Harj Taggar, 17 min
  2. Hardware, Less Hard Alexis Ohanian, 5 min read
  3. Startup = Growth Paul Graham, 18 min read
  4. Why Governments Don't Get Startups Steve Blank, 5 min read
Go deeper: 7 more lessons
  1. How I Built an Outdoor Gear Brand Ray Aldridge, Martha Yolanda Diaz, Daniel Gerken, Jen Loofbourrow, Lloyd Vogel, Liz Thomas, 60 min
  2. Episode 1 - Christian Reed Christian Reed, 70 min
  3. Why to not not start a startup Paul Graham, essay
  4. Lifestyle Businesses Fred Wilson, 2 min read
  5. An atomic theory of business size Seth Godin, 2 min read
  6. Buy an existing business or franchise U.S. Small Business Administration, 5 min read

Finding and testing an idea

Helps you choose a product worth making, prove that people will pay for it before you pay for tooling, and decide who to build it with.

  1. How to Get Startup Ideas Paul Graham, essay
  2. How to talk to users Gustaf Alströmer, 18 min
  3. Collect Pre-orders Learning Loop, 2 min read
Go deeper: 5 more lessons
  1. A Conversation on Hard Tech with Eric Migicovsky Eric Migicovsky, Adora Cheung, 61 min
  2. How To Find A Co-Founder Harj Taggar, 21 min
  3. 233. Go Solo or Find a Cofounder? Choosing Your Founding Path Howie Sher, Jordan Buckner, 29 min listen

Prototyping and design for manufacturing

Helps you build a working prototype in WNC, then turn it into a design a factory can make again and again, at a cost and quality you can live with.

  1. Membership Asheville Makers, 2 min read
  2. Rapid Center WCU Rapid Center, 3 min read
  3. Prototype to Manufacturing, Product Startup Podcast Ep. 221 Keenan Wyrobek, Kevin Mako, 16 min listen
Go deeper: 5 more lessons
  1. Building Prototypes that People will Buy Danielle Applestone, 26 min

Protecting the idea

Helps you decide what to protect and how, whether with a patent, a trade secret or a head start, what a provisional application buys you, and where North Carolina inventors find free legal help.

  1. Trade Secrets USPTO, 3 min
Go deeper: 5 more lessons
  1. Patent essentials USPTO, 13 min read
  2. Georgia PATENTS & North Carolina Bar Foundation Partnership Georgia PATENTS, North Carolina Bar Foundation, 3 min read
  3. Scam Prevention USPTO, 6 min read

Product safety rules (pick yours)

Pick the lesson for what you make. Each one names the safety rules that apply to it, the testing and paperwork they call for, and what has to be done before your first sale.

Any one of these finishes the module.

  1. Products for children CPSC, 6 min read
  2. Electronics John Teel, 14 min
  3. Bedding, cushions and upholstered furniture NCDA&CS Sleep Products Section, 2 min read
Go deeper: 5 more lessons

Forming your company and registering to sell

Helps you decide when to form your company and how to register to sell in North Carolina. A prototype and a few test sales can come first, but plan to form one, register for sales tax and look at product liability insurance before you sign a factory contract or sell in volume.

  1. Launching a North Carolina Business NC Secretary of State, 10 min read
  2. Sales and Use Tax Registration NC Department of Revenue, 2 min read
  3. Get business insurance SBA, 3 min read
Go deeper: 4 more lessons
  1. Sales Tax Guidance for Newly Registered Taxpayers NC Department of Revenue, 7 min read
  2. Startup legal mechanics Carolynn Levy, Jon Levy, Jason Kwon, 58 min
  3. Get an employer identification number Internal Revenue Service, 3 min read
  4. Choose a business structure U.S. Small Business Administration, 8 min read

Getting it made

Helps you choose who makes your product, in WNC, elsewhere in the US or overseas, ask for quotes the right way, keep control of your tooling, and know what you may claim on the label.

  1. Supply Chain Program NCMEP, 4 min read
Go deeper: 6 more lessons
  1. Marking of Country of Origin on U.S. Imports U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 14 min read

Pricing and margins

Helps you add up what one finished unit really costs, set wholesale and retail prices that both leave room for profit, and price custom or contract work from a real shop rate.

Go deeper: 7 more lessons
  1. What Is Landed Cost? How To Calculate It Shopify Editorial Team, 8 min read
  2. Calculating Landed Cost for Exported and Imported Goods John Tracy, Mercedes Sanchez-Moore, 93 min

Selling to your first customers

Helps you win your first customers by hand and turn scattered conversations into a sales habit you run every week.

  1. Do things that don't scale Paul Graham, essay
  2. Make First Sales and Scale the Business (Ep. 079) Jan Cavelle, Kevin Mako, 40 min listen
  3. The Sales Playbook For Founders Tom Blomfield, 19 min
Go deeper: 3 more lessons
  1. Are Indie or In-House Sales Reps Better for Business? Stephen Nance, Kari Larsen, 3 min read
  2. How to get your first customers Gustaf Alströmer, 23 min

Where you'll sell (pick yours)

Pick the lesson for where you'll sell first: crowdfunding, outdoor and specialty stores, gift and home shops, WNC craft fairs and maker markets, or other companies that buy parts and contract work.

Any one of these finishes the module.

  1. Crowdfunding a launch Kickstarter, 3 min read
  2. Outdoor and specialty stores REI Co-op, 4 min read
  3. Gift and home shops Anjarae Hamilton, Sandra Velasquez, 60 min
  4. WNC craft fairs and maker markets Grove Arcade, 2 min read
Go deeper: 7 more lessons
  1. Craft Fair of the Southern Highlands Southern Highland Craft Guild, 3 min read
  2. Quick Start Guide - GS1 US GTIN Kaitlin Friedmann, 5 min

Product-market fit and metrics

Helps you tell whether people want your product enough to pay before it ships, tell their friends and keep it, measured by pre-orders, referrals, returns and how fast it sells through stores.

  1. The Real Product Market Fit Michael Seibel, 3 min read
  2. Product Market Fit for Physical Products Farhan Hossain, 12 min read
  3. 5 Common Inventory Management Formulas Shopify Staff, 7 min read
  4. All about pivoting Dalton Caldwell, 28 min
Go deeper: 5 more lessons
  1. Businessperson's Guide to Federal Warranty Law Federal Trade Commission, 35 min read
  2. Founders on knowing what PMF feels like Brett Berson and eight founders, 17 min
  3. Key Startup Metrics Tom Blomfield, 24 min

Bootstrapping or raising money

Helps you decide whether to grow on your own sales or raise outside money, knowing that few investors back companies that make physical products and that inventory ties up cash either way.

  1. Should Your Startup Bootstrap or Raise Venture Capital? Dalton Caldwell, Michael Seibel, 14 min
  2. Default Alive or Default Dead? Paul Graham, 7 min read
Go deeper: 5 more lessons
  1. How startup fundraising works Brad Flora, 28 min
  2. How to convince investors Paul Graham, essay

Capital beyond venture

Helps you find money that doesn't cost you equity, from SBA loans for equipment and buildings to WNC lenders, state programs for manufacturers and crowdfunding.

  1. Fund your business U.S. Small Business Administration, 5 min read
  2. Microloans U.S. Small Business Administration, 2 min read
  3. Get Funding Mountain BizWorks, 4 min read
  4. 7(a) loans U.S. Small Business Administration, 3 min read
  5. 504 loans U.S. Small Business Administration, 3 min read
Go deeper: 13 more lessons
  1. Funding, Grants and Incentives NCMEP, 6 min read
  2. Regulation Crowdfunding: Guidance for Issuers SEC Division of Corporation Finance, 15 min read
  3. How to Apply U.S. Small Business Administration, 3 min read
  4. One North Carolina Small Business Program NC Department of Commerce, 4 min read
  5. Win Hardware Startup Grants (Ep. 222) Micki Vandeloo, Kevin Mako, 18 min listen
  6. Grants U.S. Small Business Administration, 2 min read
  7. Crowdfunding FAQs North Carolina Securities Division, 8 min read
  8. How It Works - Get Started National Science Foundation, 2 min read
  9. Revenue Based Loans Blueprint Local, 10 min read
  10. Letter of Explanation: SPA Notes Jeffrey Kaplan, 3 min read
  11. Creator Handbook: Funding Kickstarter, 3 min read
  12. Non-Dilutive Funding 101 Cyrus Sadeghian, Sabrina Sade, 58 min

Growing the company

Helps you get through the cash squeeze that growth brings, move from making things by hand to a steady production run, and hire and train your first production staff in North Carolina.

  1. Three Hardware Scaling Problems (Ep. 152) Brad Pedersen, Kevin Mako, 23 min listen
  2. Tax Information & Employer Requirements Economic Development Partnership of North Carolina, 5 min read
  3. Business Services Mountain Area Workforce Development Board, 4 min read
  4. Employers Overview ApprenticeshipNC, 3 min read
  5. Grow NC Small Business and Technology Development Center, 2 min read
  6. Advice for New Managers Aaron Epstein, 8 min read
Go deeper: 12 more lessons
  1. Move From Startup to Hardware Scale-Up (Ep. 147) Morgan Teachworth, Kevin Mako, 30 min listen
  2. NCEdge NC Community College System, 2 min read
  3. Competitiveness Review NCMEP, 2 min read
  4. How to hire Sam Altman, 12 min read
  5. Tim Brady - Building Culture Tim Brady, 18 min
  6. Independent contractor (self-employed) or employee? Internal Revenue Service, 6 min read
  7. Is It Right for You? North Carolina Employee Ownership Center, 4 min read

Founder stories (pick one)

Pick one long interview with a founder who built a company that makes gear, tools, furniture or equipment, including one who watched it fail, and take a single habit from it into your own company.

Any one of these finishes the module.

  1. Success and Failure at Pebble Eric Migicovsky, 14 min read
  2. Leatherman Tool Group: Tim Leatherman Tim Leatherman, Guy Raz, 68 min listen
  3. Osprey Packs: Mike Pfotenhauer Mike Pfotenhauer, Guy Raz, 64 min listen
  4. Concept2 Rowing Machines: Dick and Peter Dreissigacker Dick Dreissigacker, Peter Dreissigacker, Guy Raz, 65 min listen
  5. Specialized Bicycle Components: Mike Sinyard Mike Sinyard, Guy Raz, 60 min listen
  6. Maurice Blanks and John Christakos Maurice Blanks, John Christakos, Allison Kaplan, 55 min listen
  7. Sierra Nevada Brewing Company: Ken Grossman Ken Grossman, Guy Raz, 67 min listen
Go deeper: 4 more lessons
  1. Black Diamond Equipment: Peter Metcalf Peter Metcalf, Guy Raz, 59 min listen
  2. Burton Snowboards: Jake Carpenter Jake Carpenter, Guy Raz, 49 min listen
  3. Patagonia: Yvon Chouinard Yvon Chouinard, Guy Raz, 28 min listen

Founders from here (pick one)

Pick one story from someone making gear, housewares or tools in WNC, and take one idea from it into your own company.

Any one of these finishes the module.

  1. Ep 123: Alex Matisse of Eastfork Pottery on the Importance of Vision Alex Matisse, Rebecca Ickes Carra, 54 min listen
  2. Gregory Hardy of Rockgeist Bikepack USA Gregory Hardy, Jeff Kaplan, 21 min listen
  3. 1.24 Gabriel Hargett, Oowee Products Gabriel Hargett, 52 min listen
Go deeper: 1 more lesson
  1. Made by Mountains Rachel Priest, 12 min read